Papers that describe or test the code

The main code and field solver are described in:

• Simulating streamer discharges in 3D with the parallel adaptive Afivo framework J. Teunissen, U. Ebert, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. (2017),
• Afivo: a simulation framework with multigrid routines for quadtree and octree grids J. Teunissen, U. Ebert, Computer Physics Communications (2018)
• Geometric multigrid method for solving Poisson's equation on octree grids with irregular boundaries J. Teunissen and F. Schiavello, Computer Physics Communications (2023)

More information about the photoionization methods can be found in:

• Chapter 11 of: 3D Simulations and Analysis of Pulsed Discharges
• The effect of the stochasticity of photoionization on 3D streamer simulations B. Bagheri and J. Teunissen, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. (2019)
• 3D PIC-MCC simulations of discharge inception around a sharp anode in nitrogen/oxygen mixtures J. Teunissen, U. Ebert, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. (2016)

Code testing, benchmarking and validation efforts:

• Comparison of six simulation codes for positive streamers in air B. Bagheri, J. Teunissen, U. Ebert, M.M. Becker, S. Chen, O. Ducasse, O. Eichwald, D. Loffhagen, A. Luque, D. Mihailova, J.M. Plewa, J. van Dijk, M. Yousfi Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. (2018)
• Comparing simulations and experiments of positive streamers in air: steps toward model validation X. Li, S. Dijcks, S. Nijdam, A. Sun, U. Ebert, J. Teunissen, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. (2021)
• A comparison of particle and fluid models for positive streamer discharges in air Z. Wang, A. Sun, J. Teunissen, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. (2021)
• Quantitative modeling of streamer discharge branching in air Z. Wang, S. Dijcks, Y. Guo, M. van der Leegte, A. Sun, U. Ebert, S. Nijdam, J. Teunissen Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. (2023)

Papers using afivo-streamer

This list is not complete, any additions are welcome:

• Temporal evolution and mechanism of secondary streamers in N2/O2 mixtures at atmospheric pressure under DC voltage (2024)
• Associative electron detachment in sprites (2024)
• Repetitively pulsed streamer discharge with laser-induced surface trapped electron desorption to exploit residual charges in situ (2024)
• 3D modeling of positive streamers in air with inhomogeneous density (2023)
• Streamer dynamics and periodical discharge regime transitions under repetitive nanosecond pulses with airflow (2023)
• Estimating the properties of single positive air streamers from measurable parameters (2023)
• Double-pulse streamer simulations for varying interpulse times in air (2023)
• Evolutions of streamer dynamics and discharge instabilities under repetitive pulses in humid air (2023)
• A computational study on the energy efficiency of species production by pulsed streamer discharges in air (2023)
• A computational study of accelerating, steady and fading negative streamers in ambient air (2022)
• A computational study of steady and stagnating positive streamers in N2-O2 mixtures (2022)
• Streamer propagation in humid air (2022)
• Simulations of positive streamers in air in different electric fields: steady motion of solitary streamer heads and the stability field (2021)
• Electrically isolated propagating streamer heads formed by strong electron attachment (2021)
• Transport behaviour of residual charges in repetitively pulsed streamer evolution in gas gap and along solid surface (2021)
• Simulation of positive streamers in CO2 and in air: the role of photoionization or other electron sources (2020)
• A computational study of negative surface discharges: Characteristics of surface streamers and surface charges (2020)
• A computational study of positive streamers interacting with dielectrics (2020)
• On the emergence mechanism of carrot sprites (2019)
• The role of free electrons in the guiding of positive streamers (2016)